Facility operators were often charitable associations such as the Order of St. One sought for instance the healing of consumptives, especially tuberculosis (before the discovery of antibiotics) or alcoholism, but also of more obscure addictions and longings, of hysteria, masturbation, fatigue and emotional exhaustion. The idea of healing was an important reason for the historical wave of establishments of sanatoriums, especially at the end of the 19th- and early 20th centuries. Sanatoriums are often located in a healthy climate, usually in the countryside. The terms “sanitarium” and “sanitorium” are used for the same medical facilities which were used for the treatment of tuberculosis before the antibiotic streptomycin was discovered.A 1978 Finnish postage stamp, depicting the 1933 Paimio tuberculosis sanatorium, designed by Alvar Aalto.Ī sanatorium (from Latin sānāre 'to heal, make healthy'), also sanitarium or sanitorium, are antiquated names for specialised hospitals, for the treatment of specific diseases, related ailments and convalescence. They are more like medical resorts or spas. In the Soviet Union, “sanatorium” is used for recreational facilities and resorts for patients who need short-term medical services. In the U.S., the term “sanatorium” was used for psychiatric hospitals in the 20th century commonly after the tuberculosis facilities were shut down. Some of them were transformed into facilities for people suffering from mental illnesses, etc. Some of them were demolished as by 1950, tuberculosis was no more a threat to public health. Many of these facilities were turned into general hospitals. The word “sanatorium” was derived from the Latin verb “sanare” meaning “heal” rather than using the Latin noun “sanitas” which meant “health.”Īfter the discovery of streptomycin by Albert Schatz, the sanatoria started getting closed as a cure had been developed, and people could rely on medicine rather than just their immune systems. Ferguson, who was also the pioneer in treating tuberculosis decided to coin a term which was distinguishable from “sanitarium,” which actually meant “health resorts.” He, along with the other founders, wanted to coin a term which would emphasize more on TB treatment. In 1904, the National Anti-Tuberculosis Association was founded. Some of the states where they were established were: Arizona, Virginia, Colorado, and Florida. In the U.S., sanatoriums were started and became common in the 20th century. In 1885, the first sanatorium in the U.S. Some of the first European countries to have established sanatoriums were Switzerland, Finland, and Portugal. In Europe, sanatoriums became quite common in the 19th century. The first sanatorium was opened in 1863 by Hermann Brehmer in Silesia which is now in Germany for tuberculosis treatment. These health resorts serve the same purpose though in this modern age they are not only for the treatment of tuberculosis. Sometimes “sanitarium” is also used for health resorts. “Sanitarium” can also relate to a medical facility. So these facilities were built to separate the people infected from the rest of the population, give them ample nutrition, clean air, and plenty of rest. Before antibiotics were introduced, this disease had to be fought only with the help of a patient’s own immune system kicking in. These facilities were mainly associated with people who were suffering from tuberculosis. “Sanitorium” and “sanatorium” refer to a medical facility which is specially run for patients who are suffering from long-term illnesses. “Sanitorium” and “sanatorium” are the same.
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